History of Computers

HISTORY & CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS:
The computers evolved as a result man search for fast and accurate calculating devises.  The work of the computers depend upon many others factor such as acceleration of technology growth in the early 1900’s. Charles Babbage begin too is work on the analytical machine, which provide to be proto type of the modern computer. This concept is opened up avenues for the future development of computers.

History of Computers:

ABACUS: (Calculating Machine)

The History of computers dates back to a long ago, the first calculating device to old computational work was ‘Abacus'. The abacus could perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The abacus is an instrument used to perform arithmetic calculations. It was developed in 1200 A.D  

  

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LOGARITHMS: 

The John Napier invented logarithms in 1617. 'Napier' designed a set of rods that helped to make multiplication easier. The rods were arranged in a manner that made it possible to fit them together into a multiplication table.  The rods were called Napier bones.

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SLIDE RULES:

Napier's rods later became the bases for a well known invention by "William Oughtred", an english mathematic which is known as the "Slide rule". It was an improvement over the logarithm tables as the final value could be straight away read on the scale.

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PUNCHED CARDS:

ln year 1880, Dr.Herman Hollerith developed punched cards. Even today these cards are extensively used in modified form as input devise.

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LEIBNIZ:

Leibniz a famous German mathematician improved Pascal's machine in 1671. The machine was able perform all the four basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The draw back of this machine was that it was very slow.

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PASCAL'S CALCULATOR :

In the year 1642, Pascal developed the first real calculating machine, which could add numbers by using gears, wheels and dials. All the mechanical calculators developed later were based these ideas.

 

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DIFFERENCE ENGINE (Charles Babbage):

(Born in London, England)Charles Babbage is the father of modern computer Science, first designed a engine called "Difference Engine", which would compute and check the tables but the engine was of limited use. Later he designed a general purpose computing device called "ANALYTICAL ENGINE".
This could do arithmetic calculations very fastly. If completed this analytical engine could perform following functions :

(a) All Arithmetic Operations
(b) Instructions & data fed to computer in advance.
(c) Store intermediate results
(d) Capable of taking logical decisions.

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